Russell Banks is the internationally acclaimed author of 18 works of fiction, including the novels Continental Drift, Rule of the Bone, The Book of Jamaica and Lost Memory of Skin, six short story collections, and several works of non-fiction, most recently Voyager: Travel Writings. Two of his novels, The Sweet Hereafter and Affliction, have been adapted into award-winning films. Banks has been a Pulitzer Prize finalist (Continental Drift, Cloudsplitter) and a PEN/Faulkner finalist (Affliction, Cloudsplitter, Lost Memory of Skin). He served as New York State Author (2004-2008), and in 2014 was inducted into the New York State Writers Hall of Fame. Banks lives in upstate New York with his wife, the poet Chase Twichell.
Once a week, usually on a Saturday afternoon, in my small-town New England childhood in the 1940s and early 1950s, we went to “the pictures” or “the picture show.”. As in The Last Picture Show. We didn’t go to the cinema or to a film or even to the movies. This three- or four-hour afternoon interlude in the dark — with cowboys and Indians, Tarzan and Jane, Abbot and Costello, the Three Stooges, Tom & Jerry and Disney cartoons, triumphant World War Two movies, and the occasional Technicolor romance or historical costume drama — was our reward for having suffered all week under the authoritarian yoke of the adults who ran our country and our schools, churches, and families. We were post-War and McCarthy-era American boys and girls, undiscriminating, easy to thrill and amuse, and escapist. Though we did not know it, our vision of the real world (whatever that was) was being subliminally shaped by what we thought was only a short-lived Saturday afternoon escape from that real world. We thought it was idle diversion; it was, in fact, programmed pro-American propaganda.
So that by the late 1950s and early 1960s, as we entered adult life, we were suffering from a weird kind of cognitive dissonance. We had been told and shown by the moving pictures that, in the real world, right and wrong were absolutes and easy to distinguish from one another. We were told and shown that adult men and women had clearly defined roles, responsibilities, and relations, and any violation or confusion about those matters would be severely and correctly punished. We were told and shown by those moving images that America, even when it fell short of greatness (The Grapes of Wrath and All the King’s Men and Citizen Kane), was still the greatest nation that ever existed on earth.
Yet it was becoming increasingly clear to us that in the real world distinguishing right from wrong was difficult and sometimes impossible; that good men and women often behaved badly to one another and especially to children and the powerless; that cruel, unjust, and exploitative acts usually went unpunished; that certainty of any kind was mostly inaccessible, and moral ambiguity, emotional conflict, and political oppression were everywhere. Even in America. Our vision of the world, shaped as it was by the moving pictures, did not correspond to our growing experience of the world. That was the power of those picture shows. They could disregard and diminish our felt, known experience of reality and even displace it.
By 1959, pummeled by this cognitive dissonance, I was a 19-year-old beatnik poet, con-man, and petty criminal living in Boston. A friend, a more cosmopolitan beatnik poet than I, directed me to the old Brattle Theater in Cambridge, where I saw François Truffaut’s The 400 Blows. A revelation! A swift dissolution of that dissonance, an immediate untangling of the knot of conflicts and contradictions between the world as revealed and dramatized by the American picture shows of my childhood and youth and my subjective experience of the world to that point. The 400 Blows confirmed and validated my felt social, emotional, and moral reality. The poor, buffeted, misunderstood Antoine Doinel (movingly portrayed by the teenaged Jean-Pierre Léaud) was me, the teenaged Russell Banks, standing alone on the shore between a life as a petty criminal and an as-yet uncreated life as a writer. Antoine’s life, though lower middle class Parisian, was mine. I saw it in gritty, urban black-and-white and shifting shades of gray, not in day-glo Technicolor. Antoine’s life, like mine, was controlled by obtuse, shape-shifting, self-absorbed, hypocritical adults, who were themselves controlled by malignant authority figures, mostly offscreen, like invisible puppeteers. Truffaut’s stutter-step pacing, alternating with seemingly interminable long-shots, was the pacing of my subjective reality. The film was a whole new kind of picture show, a new realism, one that portrayed the world in the way that I had personally, secretly experienced all my life.
It was for me a strictly personal revelation. I had no idea that there was a cinematic revolution going on in France that a decade later would radically revise the conventions of American film as well, influencing at a profound artistic and technical level the work of writer-directors like Scorsese, Coppola, Schrader, Altman and Cassavetes. I was not a reader of Cahiers du cinéma and had never heard of André Bazin and had no notion of the Nouvelle Vague. But after The 400 Blows, I knew what I wanted to see at the picture show. Soon I was a regular at the Brattle Theater and the Exeter, taking deep dives into the work of Godard, Bresson, Agnès Varda, Resnais, and their cohort. Suddenly films were like works of literature to me — high art, possibly the highest art of my era, capable of shaping my imagination and intellect in ways that would make it possible for me to become someday an artist myself.
Russell Banks is the festival ambassador for the 2019 Rendez-Vous with French Cinema, and will be presenting a special screening of The 400 Blows at Film Society of Lincoln Center on March 2. For more info, go here.
